Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the intestines in premature infants. It is characterized by inflammation and necrosis (tissue death) of the intestinal lining, which can lead to serious complications such as perforation, sepsis, and death. The exact cause of NEC is unknown, but risk factors include prematurity, formula feeding, and bacterial colonization of the intestines. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove necrotic tissue, as well as antibiotics and supportive care. Research in this area focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of NEC, improving diagnosis and treatment strategies, and identifying ways to prevent the development of the disease in premature infants.